God commands us to pray

What do have to do  prior to praying?
What Direction we should pray?
What words do we to use?
Physical actions :
Standing
Bow
Sitting
Prostrate
Prostrates
Timing:
Morning
NOON
MIDDLE
Dawn
Sunrise
Evening:
Evenings
Sunset
Night

There are several verses that GOD emphasize we should perform Contact prayer. The following are example of these verses

Pray

2:186
Praying When My servants ask you about Me, I am always near. I answer their prayers when
  they pray to Me. The people shall respond to Me and believe in Me, in order to be
 guided.

108:2
Therefore, you shall pray to your Lord (Salat), and give to charity.

  Washing
5:6
O you who believe, when you observe the Contact Prayers (Salat), you shall: (1) wash
                     your faces, (2) wash your arms to the elbows, (3) wipe your heads, and (4) wash your
                     feet to the ankles. If you were unclean due to sexual orgasm, you shall bathe. If you are
                     ill, or traveling, or had any digestive excretion (urinary, fecal, or gas), or had (sexual)
                     contact with the women, and you cannot find water, you shall observe the dry ablution
                     (Tayammum) by touching clean dry soil, then rubbing your faces and hands. GOD does
                     not wish to make the religion difficult for you; He wishes to cleanse you and to perfect
                     His blessing upon you, that you may be appreciative.

Direction
2:144
We have seen you turning your face about the sky (searching for the right direction).
We now assign a Qiblah that is pleasing to you.
Henceforth, you shall turn your face  towards the Sacred Masjid.
Wherever you may be, all of you shall turn your faces
   towards it. Those who received the previous scripture know that this is the truth from
  their Lord. GOD is never unaware of anything they do.

Prayer's words

We read in :
10:10
Their prayer therein is: "Be You glorified, our god," their greeting therein is,
"Peace,"
and their ultimate prayer is:
"Praise be to GOD, Lord of the universe."
If one does the same search here, they will notice
that only 6 verses in The Quran contain the above
phrase.
Sura Alfateha "KEY” is the only chapter in
whole QURAN which the phrase:
Praise be to GOD, Lord of the universe
iis revealed after the Famous starting verse:
In the name of GOD. Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
  *The super human mathematical structure of  Sura Alfatehe gives this opportunity to the prayer to submit himself or herself to our Creator by word and numbers embedded into every single letters of this SURA.  Certainly is obvious no other language than WORDS can replace such mathematical contact unless the person decides to use numbers relating to their meaning in the mean time.

These are 6 verses

 1:2  Praise be to GOD, Lord of the universe.

6:45  The wicked are thus annihilated. Praise be to GOD, Lord of the universe.

10:10
Their prayer therein is: "Be You glorified, our god," their greeting therein is,
"Peace,"
and their ultimate prayer is:
"Praise be to GOD, Lord of the universe."

37:182  Praise be to GOD, Lord of the universe.

39:75 You will see the angels floating around the throne, glorifying and praising their Lord.
                     After the equitable judgment is issued to all, it will be proclaimed:
"Praise be to GOD,  Lord of the universe."

40:65 He is the Living; there is no god except He. You shall worship Him alone, devoting your
religion absolutely to Him alone.
Praise be to GOD, Lord of the universe.

6:30
If you could only see them when they stand before their Lord! He would say, "Is this not
                     the truth?" They would say, "Yes, by our Lord." He would say, "You have incurred the
                     retribution by your disbelief."
7:29
Say, "My Lord advocates justice, and to stand devoted to Him alone at every place of
                     worship. You shall devote your worship absolutely to Him alone. Just as He initiated
                     you, you will ultimately go back to Him."
14:21
When they all stand before GOD, the followers will say to the leaders, "We used to
                     follow you. Can you spare us even a little bit of GOD's retribution?" They will say, "Had
                     GOD guided us, we would have guided you. Now it is too late, whether we grieve or
                     resort to patience, there is no exit for us."
The day will come when the Spirit and the angels will stand in a row. None will speak
                     except those permitted by the Most Gracious, and they will utter only what is right.

Sitting

3:191
They remember GOD while standing, sitting, and on their sides, ( by the time you are going to sleep) and they reflect upon   the creation of the heavens and the earth:  ( say:)"Our Lord, You did not create all this in vain.
 Be You glorified. Save us from the retribution of Hell.
standing, sitting, or lying down. Once the war is over, you shall observe the Contact
times.

 4:103 Once you complete your Contact Prayer (Salat), you shall remember GOD while
standing, sitting, or lying down. Once the war is over, you shall observe the Contact
 Prayers (Salat); the Contact Prayers (Salat) are decreed for the believers at specific
 times.  

10:12.14] When adversity touches the human being, he implores us while lying down,
                 or sitting, or standing up. But as soon as we relieve his adversity, he goes on as if he never
                 implored us to relieve any hardship! The works of the transgressors are thus adorned in their
 eyes.
4:101] When you travel, during war, you commit no error by shortening your
 Contact Prayers (Salat), if you fear that the disbelievers may attack you. Surely, the dversisbelie
 are your ardent enemies.
4:102
102. When you are with them, and lead the Contact Prayer (Salat) for them,
let some of you stand guard; let them hold their weapons,
and let them stand behind you as you prostrate.
Then, let the other group that has not prayed
take their turn praying with you,
while the others stand guard
and hold their weapons.
Those who disbelieved wish
to see you neglect your weapons
and your equipment, in order to
attack you once and for all.
You commit no error, if you are
hampered by rain or injury,
by putting down your weapons,
so long as you remain alert.
GOD has prepared for the
disbelievers a shameful retribution.
Omid Majd:
When you are with them in the war and want to perform Contact Prayer,  group will be armed  and guarding you in front  and back.   When they complete their Prostrate they have finished and they should switch to next group for contact prayer.  These prayers could be armed or not is up to you to decide.
Rest  is same.

We notice here that the Prophet is leading Contact
prayers in War and God indicates that after completion
of prostration the next group will take over the
Contact Prayers.  Of course this is a shortened prayer
in emergency, which could not be more that one Prayer.

4:103
Once you complete your Contact Prayer (Salat), you shall remember GOD while
 standing, sitting, or lying down. Once the war is over, you shall observe the Contact
   Prayers (Salat); the Contact Prayers (Salat) are decreed for the believers at specific  times.
 

Omid Majd:
This verse completes 4:103
When you finished prayer stay alert,  Try to do rest of your prayer in any position you are,  You shall recite God's name , lying down  on the side, sitting or standing positions.  Once your  condition  is safe and are sure that there will be no danger from enemy, observe complete Contact Prayers which  is decreed for the believers.

10:12
When adversity touches the human being, he implores us while lying down, or sitting, or
                     standing up. But as soon as we relieve his adversity, he goes on as if he never implored
                     us to relieve any hardship! The works of the transgressors are thus adorned in their eyes.

BOW and Prostrate

3:113
They (Jews) are not all the same; among the followers of the scripture, there are those who are
                     righteous. They recite GOD's revelations through the night, and they fall prostrate  ( by standing and falling prostrate).
22:26
We appointed Abraham to establish the Shrine: "You shall not idolize any other god
                     beside Me, and purify My shrine for those who visit it, those who live near it, and those
 who bow and prostrate.

22:77
O you who believe, you shall bow, prostrate, worship your Lord, and work
                     righteousness, that you may succeed.
41:37
Among His proofs are the night and the day, and the sun and the moon. Do not
           prostrate before the sun, nor the moon; you shall fall prostrate before the GOD who
                     created them, if you truly worship Him alone.

53:62
You shall fall prostrate before GOD, and worship.
76:26
During the night, fall prostrate before Him, and glorify Him many a long night.
Omid Majd:
Contact prayer during the  night is extending night to dawn.
Prostrates
 

Timing
I found only 3 times :

Morning

30:17
Therefore, you shall glorify GOD when you retire at night, and when you rise in the
 morning.

Mornings
13:15
To GOD prostrates everyone in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly, and so
                     do their shadows in the mornings and the evenings.

17:78 You shall observe the Contact Prayer (Salat) when the sun declines from
                 its highest point at noon, as it moves towards sunset. You shall also observe (the recitation of)
                 the Quran at dawn. (Reciting) the Quran at dawn is witnessed.
Persian translation  by Omid Majd:
When the sun declines and getting dark is time for prayer......
there no indication in any other verse for NOON prayer

2:238
You shall consistently observe the Contact Prayers, especially the middle prayer, and
  devote yourselves totally to GOD.
Persian  by Omid Majd:
You shall consistently observe the Contact Prayers, especially the Morning prayer, and
  devote yourselves totally to GOD.
30:18
All praise is due to Him in the heavens and the earth, throughout the evening, as well as in
     the middle of your day.

Omid Majd
All praise is due to Him in the heavens and the earth, throughout the night, as well as in
     middle the of your day.

GOD considers day start from dawn to next dawn.
Twelve hours is half day or middle of day so Evening is middle of  the day
79:46
79:46] The day they see it, they will feel as if they lasted one evening or half a day.
(one evening=half day}

We can find  3 times of contact prayer in for  Dawn:

11:114
 You shall observe the Contact
Prayers (Salat) at both ends of the
day, and during the night.
The righteous works wipe out
the evil works. This is a reminder
for those who would take heed.

24:58
O you who believe, permission must be requested by your servants and the children who
                     have not attained puberty (before entering your rooms). This is to be done in three
                     instances - before the Dawn Prayer, at noon when you change your clothes to rest, and
                    after the Night Prayer. These are three private times for you. At other times, it is not
                     wrong for you or them to mingle with one another. GOD thus clarifies the revelations for
                     you. GOD is Omniscient, Most Wise.
51:18
At dawn, they prayed for forgiveness.
52:49
Also during the night glorify Him, and at dawn as the stars fade away.

Sunrise

20:130
Therefore, be patient in the face of their utterances, and praise and glorify your Lord
                     before sunrise and before sunset. And during the night glorify Him, as well as at both
                     ends of the day, that you may be happy.
50:39
Therefore, be patient in the face of their utterances, and praise and glorify your Lord
                     before sunrise, and before sunset.
 

Evening:

3:72
Some followers of the scripture say, "Believe in what was sent down to the believers in
                     the morning, and reject it in the evening; maybe someday they will revert.
30:18
All praise is due to Him in the heavens and the earth, throughout the evening, as well as
 in the middle of your day.

Evenings

13:15
To GOD prostrates everyone in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly, and so
  do their shadows in the mornings and the evenings

Sunset
17:78
You shall observe the Contact Prayer (Salat) when the sun declines from its highest point
  at noon, as it moves towards sunset. You shall also observe (the recitation of) the
 Quran at dawn. (Reciting) the Quran at dawn is witnessed.

20:130
Therefore, be patient in the face of their utterances, and praise and glorify your Lord
                     before sunrise and before sunset. And during the night glorify Him, as well as at both
                     ends of the day, that you may be happy.
50:39
Therefore, be patient in the face of their utterances, and praise and glorify your Lord
before sunrise, and before sunset.

Night

20:130
Therefore, be patient in the face of their utterances, and praise and glorify your Lord
  before sunrise and before sunset. And during the night glorify Him, as well as at both
ends of the day, that you may be happy.
Persian translation  by Omid Majd:
When the sun declines and getting dark is time for prayer......
21:20

They glorify night and day, without ever tiring.

24:36
(God's guidance is found) in houses exalted by GOD, for His name is commemorated
 therein. Glorifying Him therein, day and night -

24:58
O you who believe, permission must be requested by your servants and the children who
                     have not attained puberty (before entering your rooms). This is to be done in three
                     instances - before the Dawn Prayer, at noon when you change your clothes to rest, and
                     after the Night Prayer. These are three private times for you. At other times, it is not
                     wrong for you or them to mingle with one another. GOD thus clarifies the revelations for
                     you. GOD is Omniscient, Most Wise.

25:46
In the privacy of the night, they meditate on their Lord, and fall prostrate

30:17
Therefore, you shall glorify GOD when you retire at night, and when you rise in the
 morning.

Omid Majd
Therefore, you shall glorify GOD  during  Day and Night.

50:40
During the night you shall meditate on His name, and after prostrating.
Omid Majd
During the night you shall meditate on His name,
by prostrating.
What is timing for birds to pray?

24:41
Do you not realize that every one in the heavens and the earth glorifies GOD, even the
                     birds as they fly in a column?
Each knows its prayer and its glorification.
GOD is fully  aware of everything they do.
My understanding from this verse is that birds also
pray to GOD.  Have you noticed that birds sing (pray)
in early morning (Dawn) and evening up to dark